建筑师：LARGE Architecture

年份：2012

面积：165,000平方英尺

地点：塔科马，华盛顿

When entering the exhibit hall at the new LeMay Museum in Tacoma, Wash., visitors may find themselves gazing up at the ceiling as well as taking in the lines of gleaming classic cars. A soaring roof system made with curved glulam beams offers a striking sense of grandeur while simultaneously lending a warm, grounded aesthetic to the vast space. Nicknamed “America’s Car Museum,” the 165,000-square-foot facility was created to celebrate America’s love affair with the automobile. Across its 4-story, 9-acre campus, the museum will house up to 350 cars, trucks, and motorcycles from private owners, corporations, and the expansive Harold LeMay collection, from a 1906 Cadillac Model M to a 1965 Lotus racecar to a 1983 DeLorean DMC 12. Rotating exhibits, such as a collection of glass hood ornaments, also will be showcased.

Along with displaying some of the world’s most awe-inspiring vehicles, the museum will also serve as a gathering place for car enthusiasts, with meeting spaces, a membership club, a show field and a planned educational center. The museum’s main hall is essentially a long exhibit floor, almost warehouse-like, but aesthetically enhanced with its wood structure and thoughtful display details. Engineered by Western Wood Structures, the curved roof system was created with 19 glulam frames with 5-1/8-inch glulam purlins spaced 4 feet on center as secondary framing. The glulam beams, crafted by American Laminators, measure 8-¾ inches by 52-½ inches and arc 104 feet over the displays below. Because the roof curves in two directions, each of the 757 roof purlins is unique, with varying compound miter cuts and varying lengths; each purlin hanger has a different skew and slope. One-and-one-eighth-inch fully sanded plywood sheathing from Swanson Group Mfg. LLC covers the roof, with ½-inch and 5/8-inch sheets used around corners to meet the 1-1/8-inch thickness requirement while bending around the 17-foot radius of curvature.

Waterproof rigid insulation and a metal roof complete the structure. The arch design—one of the largest wood moment frames in the world—has a 1-hour fire-resistive rating and follows the “Special Requirements for Seismic Design of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Arch Members and Their Connections in Three-Hinged Arch Systems” from the 2009 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program provisions. The provisions are intended to produce ductility in the arch systems by allowing the steel connections to yield plastically during a seismic event and prevent glulam members from failing in a brittle fashion. At the south end of the structure, the roof system cantilevers over the last glulam arch, supporting the curved fascia and creating a covered outdoor gathering space. The decision to use glulam beams wasn’t purely aesthetic, as it also was one of several features that allowed some of the cost savings necessary to meet a tight budget, says Alan Grant, co-director of Grant Price Architects in Los Angeles.

Grant says that construction of the LeMay museum cost about $104 psf whereas typical museums can range from $400 to $800 psf. From the outside, the effect of the curved, metal-topped roof is gleaming and streamlined—much like the aerodynamic surfaces of an automobile. The architects took great care to ensure the modern form and size still respected Tacoma’s largely historic architecture, standing out from the surrounding buildings, including the adjacent Tacoma Dome, without overpowering them. Inside, Grant remained conscious of the structure’s primary function—showcasing shiny automobiles—when considering materials. Flooring, for example, is dark stained concrete, much like the roadways automakers consider when designing a car’s shell for optimal visual effect.

Grant also paid close attention to lighting selection, noting how spot or strip fixtures at auto shows often leave bright spots and glare in photographs. The solution turned out to be simple and inexpensive: hanging fixtures that disperse 40 percent of the light up and 60 percent down, with a glowing fuse across the front, creating a strong, bright light that sets the space aglow. The grand opening of the LeMay Museum June 2 capped off nearly a decade of effort by its founders, benefactors and construction teams. The resulting space is not only one to be aesthetically and structurally admired, but one that succeeds in providing a place for car lovers to witness history, share passions and preserve an American legacy.

进入塔科马新LeMay博物馆的展厅时在华盛顿，游客可能会发现自己凝视着天花板，同时也注视着闪闪发光的老爷车行。由弯曲的胶合木梁制成的高耸的屋顶系统具有惊人的宏伟感，同时又为广阔的空间带来温暖，扎实的美感。这个占地165,000平方英尺的设施被昵称为“美国汽车博物馆”，旨在庆祝美国对汽车的热爱。在占地4层，占地9英亩的校园中，博物馆将容纳350辆来自私人业主，公司和广泛的Harold LeMay收藏品的汽车，卡车和摩托车，从1906年的凯迪拉克M型车到1965年的Lotus赛车再到1983年DeLorean DMC12。还将展出旋转展品，例如玻璃罩装饰品的集合。

除了展示一些世界上最令人敬畏的车辆外，博物馆还将作为汽车爱好者的聚会场所，并设有会议空间，会员俱乐部，展览场地和计划中的教育中心。博物馆的主要大厅实质上是一个长长的展览地板，几乎像仓库一样，但其木质结构和周到的展示细节在美学上得到了增强。由Western设计 Wood设计在结构上，弯曲的屋顶系统由19个胶合木框架和5-1 / 8英寸胶合木pur条在中央间隔4英尺构成，作为辅助框架。由美国层压机制造的胶合木梁的尺寸为8-¾英寸乘52-½英寸，在下面的显示屏上弧度为104英尺。由于屋顶在两个方向上弯曲，因此757屋顶pur条各具特色，具有不同的斜切斜度和长度。每个pur条衣架都有不同的倾斜度和倾斜度。Swanson Group Mfg。LLC的一分之八英寸全磨砂胶合板护套覆盖了屋顶，在拐角处使用了½英寸和5/8英寸的板材，以满足1-1 / 8英寸的厚度要求。围绕17英尺的曲率半径弯曲。

防水刚性绝缘和金属屋顶构成了该结构。拱门设计是世界上最大的木质力矩框架之一，具有1小时的耐火等级，并且遵循“结构胶合层压木材拱门构件及其三铰链拱系统中的连接的抗震设计的特殊要求”从2009年国家减少地震危害计划中获得规定。这些规定旨在通过允许钢连接在地震过程中发生塑性屈服并防止胶合构件脆性破坏而在拱形系统中产生延展性。在结构的南端，屋顶系统在最后的胶合木拱上悬垂，支撑弯曲的面板，并创造了一个有盖的户外聚会空间。使用胶合木梁的决定并非纯粹出于美学目的，

格兰特说，LeMay博物馆的建造成本约为每平方英尺104美元，而典型的博物馆则为每平方英尺400至800美元。从外部看，弯曲的金属顶棚的屋顶效果闪闪发光，流线型，就像汽车的空气动力学表面一样。建筑师们格外小心，以确保现代形式和规模仍然尊重塔科马的历史悠久的建筑，并从周围建筑物中脱颖而出，包括相邻的塔科马巨蛋，而不会使其遭受压倒。在内部，格兰特在考虑材料时仍然意识到该结构的主要功能-展示闪亮的汽车。例如，地板是深色混凝土，就像汽车制造商在设计车壳以获得最佳视觉效果时考虑的道路。

格兰特还密切注意照明的选择，指出车展上的点状或带状照明装置通常如何在照片中留下亮点和眩光。该解决方案证明是简单且便宜的：悬挂的灯具可以分散40％的光线向上和60％的光线向下散布，并且前面有发光的保险丝，可产生强烈而明亮的光线，使空间更加明亮。勒梅博物馆于6月2日隆重开幕，其创始人，慈善机构和建筑团队付出了近十年的努力。由此产生的空间不仅是在美学和结构上令人敬佩的空间，而且还是成功地为汽车爱好者提供了一个见证历史，分享激情并保存美国遗产的地方。